Dadaism

DADAISM

When did the Dada movement happen?

- the dada movement started during the first world war and peaked from 1916 to 1922

Where did Dada begin and where did it spread to?

- dada began in Zurich and spread throughout Europe and north america

Who were the main artists involved in the movement?

-René Crevel, Max Ernst, Dostoievsky, Théodore Fraenkel, Jean Paulhan, Benjamin Péret, Johannes Baargeld, Robert Desnos. Philippe Soupault, Jean Arp, Max Morise, Raphaël, Paul Éluard, Louis Aragon, André Breton, Giorgio de Chirico, Gala Éluard

What were the Dadaists rebelling against and why?

-the Dadaists were rebelling against the idea of art

they proclaimed that anything could be art and anyone could create art no matter what their status or title.

They rejected the normal rules and expectations of art

Who wrote the Dada manifesto?

-tristan tzara published the first dada manifesto

What were the four main types of art that the Dadaists created?

-collage

a piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric on to a backing.

by Raoul Hausmann

-photomontage

used scissors and glue rather than paintbrushes and paints to express their views of modern life through images presented by the media. the collage technique, photomontage used actual or reproductions of real photographs printed in the press

-assemblage

these were three dimensional variations of collage

using everyday objects including war objects

these objects were screwed and fastened together in different fashions.

-readymades

add signatures and titles to some, converting them into artwork that would later be  called "readymade aided" or "rectified readymades".

Who was responsible for creating ‘Fountain’ and how is this piece of work important?

-       fountain was created in 1917 by an artist named Marcel Duchamp

-       Duchamp created this piece by adding his artist name to the sculpture making readymade art.

-       I think he did this to show that anything can be called art and that art can be created by anyone

-       Not just the upper class.
it was a big turning point in the history of art which lead to how we perceive art today.

John Virtue London Documentary

1. where is john virtue from and what type of  art training did he do ?
john virtue is from the north east of lancashire in accrington.
He trained at the Slade School of Fine Art from 1965 to 1969.

2. what are the various subject matters of his work?
he did landscapes of where he lives and the places he visits.

3. how did his career as an artist develop?
in 1978/1980 he abandoned painting and developed with acid free board and moved onto pen and ink.
in 1980 he became a full time artist.
he then maintained a studio in exeter until he accepted an offer in the national art gallery in trafalgar square london.

4. what is the gallery that commissioned him to produce the art works?
 the national art gallery in london commissioned him as Associate Artist at the National Gallery .The scheme engages contemporary artists to produce work that connects to the National Gallery Collection.

5. what type of work did he dicide to make for the gallery and in what way did the works of art relate to the exibition space he was making them for?
he decided to focus on the skyline of london.
marking out landmarks from the city like the gherkin,the natwest tower and st.pauls cathedral.
he did this in an effort to familiarise his audience with the hazy and smoggy drawings much like london. 

6. what scale were his works of art and what are the materials and tools the he used to make them?
his canvases ranged from 3 by 4 inches to 12 by 9 feet
he used a number of materials such as :
shellac
black ink
white acrylic paint
earth
gouache
emulsion
and also tools like:
chinese brushes
kitchen utensils 
pallet knifes
jade clothes
garden sprays

7.what processes and techniques does he use to make his work?
he uses ink in the garden sprays to create a smoggy effect to his painting and then adds an outline with the pallet knifes and jade cloths.

8. what style of work does he create?
he creates a contemporary style of work

9. how effective do you think the final outcome was?
i think the final outcome of his gallery was very effective because his canvases were and a very large scale 
this allowed the audience to see the city how the artist sees it.
to go back from the paintings and see each one as a whole.
 it allows his audience to see the murky smoggy perspective of the city .

townscape art history

liam spencer
- liam spencer was born in burnley in 1964.
-He studied fine art at manchester polythenic
-he lived and worked in manchester for many years.

seeing as how manchester is the second largest  city in england and wales , i can understand why it would be his inspiration.
the bustling city around him might have been the reason he draws city life after living in more than one city in his life. by living in manchester for so many years , he is used to the surrounding city life.
in time the city would have become a part of who he is.
the main subject matter of liam spencers work is the city's night life .
manchester is based in the north west which is known for is gloomy weather.
like this painting which has rain , the rain reflects each light in the street and makes each wall and building glow.

this oil painting is called the albert square twilight.

the painting is in a mixture of warm and cool colours.

the painting has a variety of shape but the artist doesnt paint everything neatly.

for example, the windows are very roughly painted in yet it still gives us the impression of a window being in that spot.

The street lights also work in an interesting way.

The lamps look as if they are just orbs of light that reflects the light off the walls of the buildings in a way that it normally wouldn't do.

the sky is also interesting.From the left a darker blue and to the right a lighter blue 

the artist does this to give the impression of an ending sunset.

this oil painting was named deansgate twilight.

the painting has very warm colours but also cool colours for above the horizon.

the painting looks at if the artist did this piece very roughly but in essence the brush trokes give the impression of not only the movement of the cars but mainly the light.

this also revealse to the viewers of the painting of how the light gets spread around .

Liam spencer also makes use of cool dark colours above the horizon.

starting from the tops of the bridge to the end of the canvas .

just like in his other painting i chose to evaluate , he used a mix of dark and light blue for the sky to show the ending sunset in the distance.

i think that liam spencers work is semi abstract because his work isnt realistic but instead gives a different point of view of the city life

mainly of the light in the city that we take for granted.                                          

stephen wiltshire

stephen wiltshire is a british architectural artist who has been diagnosed with autism.

he was born in london in 1974

he educated in the city and guilds of london art school. stephen became facinated in sketching landmark london buildings. after being shown a book of photos depicting the devastation wrought by earthquakes,he began to create detailed architectural drawings of imaginary cityscapes.

st pauls cathedral from london bridge

City of London skyscrapers of the future

both of these sketches were done in pencil but intentively for fine liner black pen

i really like stephen's work because he captures the moment and doesn't leave out any detail even buildings in the distance 

what i also find interesting is how he lines out the horizon in both sketches.

even though close up each building has lines which are slightly rough, from a zoomed out point of view you start to realize that the artist made it that way so the viewers understand what he sees from his view.

i think that stephen wiltshires art is set in a realistic style 

it is very detailed and his work is recognised easily from each and every landmark.  

Cubism

Cubism is an early-20th-century art movement pioneered by Georges Braque   


 Pablo Picasso
   

Jean Metzinger
   
 that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements architecture. Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century. The term is broadly used in association with a wide variety of art produced in Paris during the 1910s and extending through the 1920s. Variants such as Futurism and Constructivism developed in other countries.

The influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne, which were displayed in the 1907 Salon d'Automne. In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form—instead of choosing objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a lot of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context.There are two main types of cubism, analytical cubism and synthetic cubism. Analytic cubism was mainly practiced by Braque, and is very simple, with dark, almost monochromatic colours.

 -i like this painting by braque because each section of the painting shows a significant amount of detail
- each cube and square has its own seperate section of light to mark out the woman.

(girl with mandolin)

. Synthetic cubism was much more energetic, and often made use of collage including the use of several two-dimensional materials. This type of cubism was developed by Picasso. During the two artists' time of collaboration from 1907 and ending with the First World War,

PABLO PICASSO

Pablo Picasso ( 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer who spent most of his adult life in France. As one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture,the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore.

 Among his most famous works is the Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)

Guernica (1937)                                                                                                                                

 a portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.

Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp are regarded as the three artists who most defined the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting, sculpture, printmaking and ceramics.

Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a realistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. His revolutionary, artistic accomplishments brought him universal renown and immense fortune, making him one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art.